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    <loc>https://www.bastoslabvu.com/key-publications</loc>
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    <lastmod>2025-03-17</lastmod>
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    <loc>https://www.bastoslabvu.com/research-areas</loc>
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    <lastmod>2022-05-17</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Research Areas - Cognition</image:title>
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      <image:title>Research Areas - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>After a 1-s fixation window, a sample stimulus was shown for 1 s. After a delay, the target reappeared at one of four locations. NHPs saccaded to the sampled stimulus while ignoring the distractors. From Bastos et al. (2020)</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Research Areas - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>When inhibitory and excitatory neurons wire together, they can generate different brain waves in different layers of cortex. Superficial layers are rich in fast gamma waves (depicted in blue) and deep layers are rich in slow alpha/beta waves (depicted in red). Alpha/beta in deep layers inhibits gamma in superficial layers. Over time, moving from left to right in the figure, the deep layer alpha/beta frequency decreases and releases inhibition in superficial layers, resulting in increased superficial gamma power and spiking (black ticks). From Bastos et al. (2018).</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Research Areas</image:title>
      <image:caption>Predictive Routing Model. (Left subpanel) Feedback communication occurs through deep alpha/beta synchronization when predicting Stimulus A, inhibiting gamma spiking in superficial-layer processing, which reduces feedforward outputs. (Right subpanel) When a prediction (Predict B) is made and a prediction error occurs (Stimulus A), there is less feedback alpha/beta inhibition, causing the A column to respond to the surprising stimulus with more gamma/spiking and enhanced feedforward communication from superficial layers to update the predictive model. From Bastos et al. (2020).</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Research Areas - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Physiological changes during anesthesia induced LOC. (upper panel) Neural activity during the Awake (left) and Unconscious states (right) showing clear slow-frequency waves. (lower panel) Neuronal spiking times are indicated with dots, which displays the “off and on” periods of activity during LOC (right). From Bastos et al. (2021)</image:caption>
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    <lastmod>2024-09-27</lastmod>
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    <lastmod>2025-03-14</lastmod>
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      <image:title>Home - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Home - What is it that we study?</image:title>
      <image:caption>How is it that we use Attention to focus on important stimuli in our environment? How do we predict and filter out familiar and expected aspects of our environment but quickly become aware of unexpected stimuli? How do we keep information “in mind” and in Working Memory to manipulate and control our own thoughts and actions? Attention, Prediction, and Working Memory are powerful examples of cognition. The mission of the Bastos Lab is to understand their neuronal basis.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Home - Want to join the Bastos Lab?</image:title>
      <image:caption>The Bastos Lab is actively looking for talented PhD students, postdocs, research assistants, and undergraduate students. If you are interested in contributing to our research, please contact us!</image:caption>
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